梯形轨道系统动力特性及减振效果试验研究

采用锤击法,对梯形轨道系统(简称梯轨)进行动力特性试验。利用变时基传递函数细化分析方法,解决力信号时域波形精度与加速度信号频率分辨率之间的矛盾,提高低频脉冲频响分析精度。根据锤头材料的锤击特性和试验研究的频率范围,分别选择尼龙和钢制锤头进行梯轨模态和减振特性试验研究。结果表明:梯轨的低阶模态分布比较密集,基频为48.6Hz,前3阶模态的阻尼比较高,1阶阻尼比最大,达到6.64%;梯轨的工作频率约为50Hz,在梯轨工作频率之上1/3倍频程中心频率处,传递损失不随锤击力的大小而变化,梯轨的振动衰减系数为常数;梯轨具有较高的减振作用,在0～1000Hz频段传递损失在45dB左右。     

自然通风隧道火灾的烟气特性和控制标准

建立自然通风隧道火灾三维数值计算模型,并应用缩尺隧道试验数据对数值模拟进行验证,采用验证过的数值计算方法对自然通风地铁区间隧道的火灾烟气特性和安全控制标准进行三维数值模拟研究。结果表明,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好;孔口尺寸对隧道顶壁烟气温度、人员高度处的CO浓度和能见度的影响较大,但对人员高度处的温度几乎没有影响;在隧道火灾4种安全控制标准中,人员高度处的能见度起主要控制作用。     

框支剪力墙土-结构共同作用的抗震性能分析

采用有限元法对一框支剪力墙土-结构体系进行动力弹塑性时程分析。通过对计算模型的自振特性以及地震作用下的位移、层间位移角、等效刚度比和剪力等数据进行分析研究。研究结果表明:运用ANSYS建立框支剪力墙-土-结构共同作用模型对结构进行地震反应分析,能够真实地反映结构的抗震性能。转换层位置对结构自振周期影响较小;转换层附近的层间位移角和剪力均发生突变,且随转换层位置的提高而加剧;层间位移角较大值集中在结构中上部;框支柱剪力最大值发生在转换层中柱。建议抗震设计时,转换层位置可适当提高但不宜超过5层,等效侧向刚度比宜控制在0.8～1.3,除了底部框支柱加强外,还应该对中上部楼层采取减小层间位移的措施,对转换层中柱采取特殊加强。     

跨座式关节型道岔的仿真设计研究

详细介绍重庆跨座式关节型道岔运动系统的仿真设计过程,阐明如何在设计中布置驱动点、计算曲臂长度、布置导槽、获得台车运行轨迹。通过道岔的运动特性分析和道岔的驱动扭矩计算,全面了解道岔的运动特点和各个驱动点的受力状况。     

大跨高低塔不对称斜拉桥抗震性能分析与评估

为了研究大跨斜拉桥的两阶段水准设防下的抗震性能,依托某大跨高低塔不对称斜拉桥,通过有限元模型建立了空间有限元模型,采用了反应谱和线性时程对比分析的方法。分析表明地震作用下,主桥的不利截面分别为双塔的塔底截面,其低塔受横向地震效应影响较大,高塔受纵向地震效应影响较大,设计配筋时应根据受力方向优化。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Teleworking in the Netherlands: an evaluation of changes in travel behaviour

This article describes the first experiment on teleworking in the Netherlands, and presents the results of an analysis of the impact of teleworking on the travel behaviour of the participants in the experiment and their household members. It was concluded that teleworking has resulted in a significant decrease in the total number of trips by teleworkers (–17%). Peak-hour traffic by car has been reduced even more (–26%). An unexpected result was that the household members of the teleworkers also appeared to travel less than before the experiment.     

交通信息服务条件下的出行选择分析

首先 ,探讨了出行者的出行心理、行为以及信息之间的相互关系 ,在此基础上 ,简要分析了出行者的出行选择。其次 ,考虑在交通信息服务条件下 ,由于出行者本身以及信息方面的原因 ,出行选择可能出现过激反应、集聚反应等问题。最后 ,针对上述问题 ,提出应该加以重视的或有待进一步研究的几个问题。     

潭邵高速公路顺层滑坡整治

通过对某顺层古滑坡的现场调查，分析判断出古滑坡的滑动范围、滑动面，并对滑动面抗剪强度参数进行了反分析计算。据此对古滑坡体进行了初步整治设计，实际整治时未进行防水措施，抗滑指标进一步下降，并对此时软化滑动面抗剪强度进行了计算分析。结果对K89-95段的调查分析，对此区段的切方边坡违背工程地质选线原则导致的后果进行了反思。     

Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.